Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? The evidence is sketchy and we have only partial answers. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each factor is.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , افضل كريم للشعر this means that in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart below shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries as compared to the present.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased with time.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.