Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and why is this difference growing in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're only able to provide some solutions. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But, this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and العاب زوجية relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased with time.

You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.