Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're only able to provide limited answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and ابر التخسيس environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; but we don't know exactly how much the influence of each factor is.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But, this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage everywhere, cross-country differences are often significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in rich countries as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in longevity has changed with time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you can confirm that the two points apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.