Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so much longer than men today and why does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors that all play a role in women living longer than men, we don't know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام regardless of their weight. However this isn't because of certain biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage throughout the world, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity was smaller
We will now examine how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small, but it grew substantially over the course of the last century.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.