Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and how has this advantage increased in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't strong enough to make a definitive conclusion. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women living longer than males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men today and not previously, has to relate to the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for women exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia, علامات الحمل بولد, visit the following post, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was quite small It has significantly increased over time.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.