Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present, and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors that play an integral role in women's longevity more than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men do today however not as in the past, has to have to do with the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could expect to live longer than her brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is now.
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور females at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend: Men and women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small but it has risen significantly over time.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.