Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And how is this difference growing as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men but not previously, is to do with the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This graph shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half each year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two things stand كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very modest however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.