Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today, and why does this benefit increase over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only partial answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know what the contribution of each of these factors is.

Independently of the exact amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present but not previously, افضل شامبو وبلسم is to have to do with the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's look at how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very modest however it increased dramatically during the last century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.