Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today, and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide limited solutions. We know there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know what percentage each factor plays in.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that at a minimum, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present, but not in the past, is to be due to the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots the male and female lifespans at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest but it increased substantially in the past century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.