Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today and how does this benefit increase in the past? There isn't much evidence and we're left with only incomplete answers. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how strong the relative contribution to each of these variables is.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for زيادة استماعات ساوند كلاود (this site) survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women used to be smaller
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy was once extremely small, it has increased substantially in the past.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you can determine if these two points also apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.