Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men and why does this benefit increase over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how strong the relative contribution of each factor is.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present and not previously, is to do with the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could be expected to live for تحاميل مهبلية (simply click the following page) longer than her older brother.

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in developed countries than it is now.
Let's now look at how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small, it has increased substantially over time.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.