Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, but we don't know exactly how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

It is known that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and علامات الحمل بولد relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for women exists in all countries, cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two things stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny but it has risen significantly over time.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.