Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and how has this advantage increased over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological and العاب زوجية environmental factors that all play a role in women living longer than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But it is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and العاب زوجية, see this, women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that while there is a female advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries than it is now.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small, but it grew substantially during the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you can confirm that the two points are also applicable to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.