Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? And why is this difference growing over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only incomplete answers. We know there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors that all play a role in women living longer than men, we do not know what percentage each factor كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور plays in.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men in the present, but not in the past, is to do with the fact that certain fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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In the richer countries, the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live a lot, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny, it has increased substantially with time.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.