Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? And how is this difference growing over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

Independently of the exact number of pounds, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present and not previously, ابر التخسيس has to be due to the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could expect to live longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage is present everywhere, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women have a longer life span than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in rich countries than it is today.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And ابر التخسيس second, there is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be very modest but it increased substantially in the past century.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.