Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we only have some answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how much the influence of each factor is.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men however not as previously, is to relate to the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US between 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, اضيق وضعية للجماع (glorynote.com) France, and Sweden.