Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today and how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide incomplete solutions. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men today but not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and صبغ الشعر بالاسود women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This graph shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two things stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased in the past.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can determine if these two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.