Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know what the contribution of each of these factors is.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But, this is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and اضيق وضعية للجماع relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the female advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's examine how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be very small but it has risen significantly over time.

By selecting 'Change Country in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points apply to the other countries with available data: اضيق وضعية للجماع Sweden, France and the UK.