Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger over time? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide some answers. We know that behavioral, اوضاع الجماع biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure what the contribution of each of these factors is.

We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, اوضاع الجماع so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

Interestingly, this chart shows that, while the advantage for women exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in longevity has changed with time. The next chart compares the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be quite small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.