Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? And why the advantage has grown as time passes? There isn't much evidence and we're left with only incomplete answers. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological and environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than men, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور (glorynote.com) we don't know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men today however not as previously, has to have to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half an hour.

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In countries with high incomes, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased in the past.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.