Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? And why the advantage has grown in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only partial answers. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental variables that play an integral role in women living longer than men, we do not know what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present, but not in the past, has to do with the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for زيوت تطويل الشعر men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line , زيوت تطويل الشعر which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. and women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small however it increased dramatically during the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, determine if these two points are also applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.