Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present, and why is this difference growing in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in the longevity of women over men, we don't know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason women live longer than men and not in the past, has to relate to the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that the advantage of women exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half an hour.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the US live a lot, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور (simply click the up coming site) much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was tiny It has significantly increased over time.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to verify that these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.