Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? And why does this benefit increase over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an informed conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which all play a part in women's longevity more than males, علامات الحمل بولد it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For علامات الحمل بولد example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small however, it has grown significantly with time.

You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.