Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and how has this advantage increased over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; However, العاب زوجية we're not sure what the contribution of each of these factors is.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men do today but not in the past, is to be due to the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for العاب زوجية survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be quite small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.