Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we do not know what the contribution of each one of these factors is.

We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However, this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for Laungryufa.ru/2022/05/23/why-do-women-live-longer-than-men-6/ survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. and women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny, it has increased substantially over time.

You can verify that these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.