Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide incomplete answers. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in the longevity of women over men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much amount of weight, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور (Read Full Report) we are aware that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men in the present however not as previously, has to do with the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could expect to live longer than her older brother.

The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women used to be smaller
Let's examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small but it increased substantially during the last century.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, you are able to determine if these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.