Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase in the past? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide partial answers. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral and Https://glorynote.com/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84/ environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we don't know what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of how much amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason women live so much longer than men and not previously, has to relate to the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

The chart below shows that although women have an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences are often significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was previously smaller.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, determine if these two points apply to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.