Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger in the past? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide limited solutions. Although we know that there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors which all play a part in women's longevity more than males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However it is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage across all countries, تزويد لايكات يوتيوب (hop over to this site) differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less that half a year.

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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once extremely small however, it has grown significantly with time.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.