Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why is this difference growing in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how significant the impact of each factor is.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men do today however not as previously, has to do with the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ابر التخسيس ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's look at how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and ابر التخسيس men in America have longer lives than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.